Hindus believe that every aspect of life is sacred. That is why each significant stage, from conception to cremation, is celebrated as a reminder that life is a gift from God which should be duly respected and lived according to His wishes. The nearest English word for samskara is sacrament, related to the phrase 'rite of passage'.

Although the number of samskaras prescribed by various scriptures vary, there are sixteen that are a consensus among scholars.

These 16 samskaras are:

Pre-natal Samskaras

(1) Garbhadan (Conception)

'Garbha' means womb. 'Dan' means donation. In this sacrament the man places his seed in a woman.

The Gruhyasutras and Smrutis advocate special conditions and observances for this, to ensure healthy and intelligent progeny. Procreation of children was regarded as necessary for paying off debts to the forefathers.

Another reason for having progeny is given in the Taittiriya Upanishad. When the student ends his Vedic studies, he requests permission to leave from his teacher (see Samskara 14). The teacher then blesses him with some advice which he should imbibe for life. One of the commands is:

"Prajaatantu ma vyavyachchhetseehi..."
(Shikshavalli, Anuvak 11.11)

"Do not terminate one's lineage - let it continue (by having children)."

(2) Pumsavana (Engendering a male issue)

Pumsavana and Simantonayana (the third samskara) are only performed during the woman's first issue. Pumsavana is performed in the third or fourth month of pregnancy when the moon is in a male constellation, particularly the Tishya-nakshatra. This symbolises a male child. Therefore the term pumsavana literally means 'male procreation'. Sushrut, the ancient rishi of Ayurveda, has described the procedure in his Sushruta Samhita:

"Having pounded milk with any of these herbs - Sulakshmana, Batasurga, Sahadevi and Vishwadeva - one should instil three or four drops of juice in the right nostril of the pregnant woman. She should not spit out the juice."

(3) Simantonayana (Hair-parting)

In Gujarati this is known as Khodo bharavo. In this, the husband parts the wife's hair.

The religious significance of this samskara is to bring prosperity to the mother and long life to the unborn child. It also wards off evil influence. The physiological significance is interesting and advanced.

Sushrut (Sharirsthan, Ch.33) believed that the foetus's mind formed in the fifth month of pregnancy. Hence the mother is required to take the utmost care for delivering a healthy child. Stipulating the details, Sushrut enjoined the pregnant mother to avoid exertion of all kinds: refrain from sleeping during the day and keeping awake at night, and also avoid fear, purgatives, phlebotomy (blood letting by slicing veins) and postponing natural excretions. (Sharirsthan, Ch.21).

Childhood Samskaras

(4) Jatakarma (Birth rituals) These rituals are performed at the birth of the child. It is believed that the moon has a special effect on the newly born. In addition, the constellation of the planets - nakshatras - also determine the degree of auspiciousness. If birth occurs during an inauspicious arrangement, the jatakarmas are performed to ward off their detrimental effects on the child. The father would also request the Brahmanishtha Satpurush for blessings.

(5) Namkaran (Name-giving) Based on the arrangement of the constellations at birth, the child is named on a day fixed by caste tradition. In the Hindu Dharma, the child is frequently named after an avatar, deity, sacred place or river, saint, etc., as a constant reminder of the sacred values for which that name represents.

(6) Nishkrama (First outing)

In the third month the child is allowed agni (fire) and chandra (moon) darshan. In the fourth month he is taken out of the house for the first time, by the father or maternal uncle, to the mandir for the Lord's darshan.

(7) Annaprashan (First feeding)

Feeding the child with solid food is the next important samskara. For a son this is done in even months - the 6th, 8th, 10th or 12th months. For a daughter this is done in odd months - 5th, 7th or 9th months. The food offered is cooked rice with ghee. Some sutras advocate honey to be mixed with this. By advocating this samskara, the wise sages accomplished two important considerations. First, the child is weaned away from the mother at a proper time. Second, it warns the mother to stop breast feeding the child. For, an uninformed mother, many out of love, continue breast feeding the child, without realising that she was not doing much good to herself or the child.

(8) Chudakarma (Chaul) (Shaving of head)

This samskara involves shaving the head (of a son) in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 5th year, or when initiating him with the janoi (Upanayan). According to Sushrut, the significance of this, together with nail cutting, is to give delight, lightness, prosperity, courage and happiness (Chikitsasthan. Ch. 24-72). Charak also voiced a similar opinion.

A tuft of hair (shikha, chotli) is left in place at the top of the head for longevity. Sushrut points out its significance

"Inside the head, near the top, is the joint of a shira (artery) and a sandhi (critical juncture). There, in the eddy of hairs, is a vital spot called the adhipati (overlord). Any injury to this part causessudden death" (Sharirsthan Ch. VI, 83).

In the course of time, the shikha was regarded as a symbol of the Hindu Dharma and its removal came to be regarded as a grave sin (Laghu Harita IV).

(9) Karnavedh (Piercing the earlobes)

The child's ear lobes are pierced either on the 12th or 16th day; or 6th, 7th or 8th month; or 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th or 9th year.

Sushrut reasoned,

"The ears of a child should be pierced for protection (from diseases such as hydrocoele and hernia) and decoration" (Sharirasthan Ch.16.1, Chikitsasthan Ch.19.21).

One sutra says that a goldsmith should pierce the ears while Sushrut advocates a surgeon. For a boy, the right earlobe is pierced first and for a girl, the left. For boys today, this samskara is only prevalent in some states of India. In girls, this samskara has lost its religious significance and is only performed to enable them to wear earrings.

Educational Samskaras

(10) Vidyarambh (Learning the alphabet)

This samskara is also known as Akshararambha,Aksharlekhan, Aksharavikaran and Aksharavishkaran.

It is performed at the age of five and is necessary before commencing Vedic study - Vedarambh.

After bathing, the child sits facing west, while the acharya (teacher) sits facing east. Saffron and rice are scattered on a silver plank. With a gold or silver pen the child is made to write letters on the rice. The following phrases are written:"Salutation to Ganesh, salutation to Sarasvati (goddess of knowledge), salutation to family deities and salutation to Narayan and Lakshmi." The child then writes, "Aum Namah Siddham". He then presents gifts to the acharya, such as a pagh and safo (head adornment of cloth). The acharya then blesses the child.

(11) Upanayan (Yagnopavit) (Sacred thread initiation)

 At the age of eight the son is initiated by the acharya with the sacred thread, known as janoi or yagnopavit. Amongst all the foregoing samskaras this is regarded as supreme. It is the dawn of a new life, hence dvija - twice born. The child enters studentship and a life of perfect discipline which involves brahmacharya (celibacy). He leaves the guardianship of his parents to be looked after by the acharya. This samskara is performed by Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, for both boys and girls. Therefore, both the boy and girl received training in discipline, truthful living and physical service. During the course of time this samskara ceased to be given to girls, who thus failed to be formally educated. Today, the tradition of education underlying this samskara has died out.

(12) Vedarambh (Beginning Vedic study)

This samskara was not mentioned in the earliest lists of the Dharma Sutras, which instead listed the four Vedic vows - Ved Vrats. It seemed that though upanayan marked the beginning of education, it did not coincide with Vedic study. Therefore a separate samskara was felt necessary to initiate Vedic study. In this samskara, each student, according to his lineage, masters his own branch of the Vedas.

(13) Keshant (Godaan) (Shaving the beard)

This samskara is included as one of the four Ved Vrats. When the other three faded, keshant itself became a separate samskara. 'Kesh' means hair and 'ant' means end. This samskara involves the first shaving of the beard by the student at the age of sixteen. It is also called Godaanbecause it involves gifting a cow to the acharya and gifts to the barber.

Since the student now enters manhood he is required to be more vigilant over his impulses of youth. To remind him of his vow of brahmacharya, he is required to take the vow anew; to live in strict continence and austere discipline for one year.

(14) Samavartan (End of Studentship)

This samskara is performed at the end of the brahmacharya phase - the end of studentship. 'Sama vartan' meant 'returning home from the house of the acharya.' This involves a ritual sacrificial bath known as Awabhruth Snan. It is sacrificial because it marks the end of the long observance of brahmacharya. It is a ritual bath because it symbolises the crossing of the ocean of learning by the student - hence Vidyasnaatak - one who has crossed the ocean of learning. In Sanskrit literature, learning is compared to an ocean.

Before the bath, the student has to obtain permission from the acharya to end his studentship and give him guru-dakshina - tuition fees. Permission is necessary because it certifies the student as a person fit in learning, habit and character for a married life. Obviously the student is not in a position to pay fees. One Sutra describes the debt of the teacher as unpayable, "Even the earth containing the seven continents is not sufficient for the guru-dakshina."

Those students who wished to remain as lifelong students observing brahmacharya would remain with the acharya. Today, this means accepting a spiritual guru - an Ekantik Satpurush and becoming a sadhu. The student thus bypasses the next two ashrams, to enter sannyas.

(15) Vivaha

This is the most important of all the Hindu Samskaras. The Smrutis laud the gruhastha (householder) ashram as the highest, for it is the central support of the other three ashrams.

Manu enjoins, "Having spent the first quarter of one's life in the guru's house, the second quarter in one's own house with the wife, and the third quarter in the forest, one should take sannyas in the fourth, casting away every worldly tie."(Manu Smruti IV.1).

By marriage an individual is able to achieve the four purusharths (endeavors) of life: dharma (righteousness), artha (wealth), kama (desire) and moksha (salvation). He is also able to pay off ancestral debt by having children.

Procreation for children is also a primary purpose of marriage.

(16) Antyesthi (Death rites)

Antyeshti is the final samskara in a Hindu's life. Yajur Veda regards vivaha as the sixteenth samskara while Rig Veda considers antyeshti. Though performed after the death of a person by his relatives, it is of importance because the value of the next world is higher than that of the present. The final rituals are performed with meticulous care with the help of Brahmin priests.

The first ritual after death is to place a few tulsi leaves and a few drops of water in the mouth of the dead person. It is then laid on the floor which has been purified by applying the sacred cowdung. The old clothes are removed and the body is bathed with sanctified water. The body is then covered with one piece of a new, unbleached, uncut cloth (kafan). It is then laid on a bier (nanami) made of bamboo canes tied with jute strings. The underlying message in removing the old clothes can be gleaned from a Sanskrit verse:

"Dhanãni bhumau pashavashcha goshthe,
Nãri gruhadware sakhã smashãne,
Dehashchitãyãm paraloka mãrge,
Dharmãnugo gachhati jiva ekaha."

"Wealth will remain buried, cattle will remain in the pen, (his) wife will accompany (him) to the doorway, friends will accompany him to the crematorium, the body will come till the funeral pyre, but on the path to the next world, the jiva goes alone (with his karmas)

 In some schools of Hinduism, the psychological concept of Sanskara is also known as vasana. The most extensive, but divergent discussions of these rites of passage are found in the numerous Dharmasutras and Grhyasutras from the 1st millennium BCE.

- Histence 2016.

1. Brahma Purana (Mount Sumera) :-

There was a war between the gods and the demons and the gods lost. The gods came to Brahma for advice and Brahma asked them to pray to Shiva.

When Shiva appeared before them, the gods said, “The demons have defeated us. Please kill them and save us.”

Shiva went to fight with the demons. He drove the demons off from Mount Sumeru and out of heaven. He pursued them to the ends of the earth. All this exertion made Shiva sweat. And wherever the drops of sweat fell down on the ground, terrible ogresses named matris were created. The matris also started to kill the demons and pursued them down to the underworld.

While the matris were killing the demons in the underworld, Brahma and the other dos waited on the banks of the river Goutami Ganga. This place came to be known as Pratishthana.

When the matris had killed all the demons, they returned to earth and began to live on the banks of the Goutami Ganga. This tirtha has come to be known as matritirtha.

Brahma used to have five heads. The fifth head was in the shape of a donkey’s head. When the demons were running away to the underworld, this donkey’s head addressed the demons and said, “why are you running away? Come back and fight with the gods. I shall aid you in your fight.”

The gods were alarmed at this paradoxical situation. Brahma was helping them in their flight with the demons and Brahma’s fifth head was trying to help the demons. They went to Vishnu and said, “Please cut off Brahma’s fifth head. It is causing too much of confusion.”

 “I can do what you want,” replied Vishnu, “but there is a problem. When the cut-off head falls on earth, it will destroy the earth. I think you should pray to Shiva to find a way out.”

The gods prayed to Shiva and Shiva agreed to cut off the head. But what was to be done with the severed head? The earth refused to bear it and so did the ocean. Finally it was decided that Shiva himself would bear the head.

The place where Shiva cut off Brahma’s fifth head is known as rudratirtha. Ever since that day, Brahma has had four heads and is known as Chaturmukha (chatur connotes four and mukha connotes face). There is a temple to Brahma on the banks of the Goutami Ganga. This is a holy place known as brahmatirtha. A killer of brahmanas is pardoned his sin if he visits this temple.

2. Brahma lied :-

Brahma lied that He had seen the top of Shiva's head -- the idea being that He had seen the "ends/beginning" of Truth/Time (represented by Shiva).

The Story...

Brahma at one point developed a significant ego claiming that he was the 1st of the trimurtis and should thus be worshipped over all. In discussing with his consort Sri Lakshmi, Lord Narayana is laughing saying “It is difficult enough when one head becomes full of ego; how much more difficult is it when all four of Brahmas heads are filled with egotistic pride?” Narayana and Shiva decide to teach Brahma a lesson. Shiva is of the opinion that Narayana is clearly the greatest, as He has the most difficult of responsibilities (sustenance is harder [requires proactive management] than either creation or dissolution). Narayana says "I have never seen the top of Shiva's head, so Shiva is clearly the greatest of us all, as He is beyond all knowledge." To resolve the dilemma, Shiva then says, let's pose a challenge that whosoever sees the top of my head is the greatest of the three. Brahma and Narayana accept the challenge. Brahma proceeds aggressively to locate the top of Shiva's head. Narayana gives up part way saying "As we keep going higher, Shiva's head continues to go on for eternity, there is no way that we will succeed, let us give up now and accept Shiva as the greatest of all." Brahma undeterred, proud, vain, and haughty keeps going upwards with the aim of seeing the top; Narayana returns after going part way, and upon prompting from Saraswati devi, He takes a different approach. He tells Saraswati, that "in this form, even I cannot see the top" and proceeds to take the Varaha avatar (boar) to dig into the bowels of creation to find Shiva's feet -- when he locates Shiva's feet and touches them, Shiva looks down with surprise to see who touched his feet, giving Narayana the opportunity to see the top of Shiva's head -- thus, proving the point that intellectual/egotistical efforts (like Brahma's method of trying to go "upwards" to find the top) will never lead to the ultimate knowledge, as knowledge itself keeps going on and on and on (knowledge is a limitless ocean), only self surrender at the feet of the Lord will enable you to attain that ultimate knowledge, knowing which, all else becomes known.

Here Shiva only curses Brahma that he will never be worshipped as God sbecause he had told a lie to win the competition -- Brahma uses falsified circumstantial evidence of the flower that fell from Shiva's head to say that He had seen the top, with a "white lie" saying "seeing the flower which fell from His head, is equivalent to seeing the top of His head." Thus, Shiva bans the use of this flower in His worship henceforth, and curses Brahma that he will never be worshipped by humans. In some versions, Shiva cuts off Brahma's 5th head because he lied with that head.

On the other hand, Shiva is profoundly astonished by Narayana's clever solution that enabled him to enact a "play within a play" in order to demonstrate this tattvam (principle) to Brahma.

The story also points out that mere intellectual efforts are insufficient for attaining the Supreme; one must, like a Boar, have dogged determination and intense bhakti to seek out the feet of the Supreme Lord, to attain the goal. The moral of the story being "those who speak the Truth in all circumstances are true devathas".

In this we can also see the tattvam of how Shiva worships Narayana, and how Narayana worships Shiva.

3. Dakshina Kali :-

As per Satpatha Brahmana, Brahma created a woman named Usha, who was epitome of feminity. Upon seeing her, Brahma was sexually aroused and approached his own daughter. He forced himself on her and they mated. At this, Lord Shiva appeared in the form of Bhairava and beheaded Brahma.

In Shiva Purana and Kalika Purana,  slight variations are introduced. Brahma creates twins, Sandhya and Kama along with Saptarishis. He bestows boon of wooing over Kama, as a result the wicked one tests his lust arrows on Brahma himself, who spills his semen virile while staring at Sandhya lustfully. Lord Shiva appears and rebukes Brahma for his passionate nature.

Thus humilliated by Lord Shiva, Brahma curses Kama to be killed by Lord Rudra. Also, to avenge his humilliation, Brahma requests Adi Parashakti to incarnate and woo Lord Shiva. In due course, She incarnates as Sati, the daughter of Prajapati Daksha and wins Lord Shiva by observing Nanda Vratam. Her marriage is arranged and Brahma is appointed the officiating priest. While Lord Shiva and Sati complete the Saptapadi ritual, Brahma lustfully stares at Sati's feet and spills his semen virile. He collects it in his Kamandalu and presses his penis with his feet so that no one notices. Sati feels disgusted by Brahma's act and an enraged Lord Shiva severes Brahma's fifth head then and there.

We find another version in Vamana Purana. Devas are terrified of an Asura called Dundubhi, and they seek refuge of Lord Shiva. Lord wages a fierce battle against Asuras and kills Dundubhi with his trident. Then He chases the escaping Asuras. While Brahma is seeing this, his fifth head, that resembles head of a donkey, speaks out "don't run. I will protect you". A furious Lord Shiva now grabs Brahma by his throat and severes the fifth head.

This are 3 stories from Puranas about Brahma 5th head.

Shiva.. Mahadev.. Shankar.. Bholenath..
Very commonly pronounced names of Lord Shiva.
And many more to know many more to chant..
Lord Shiva was addressed by altogether 1000 names. And this names were addressed by The Grear Preserver Lord Vishnu with all the gods accompanying him in his mighty prayer to Lord Shiva.
Linga Puran discloses these names, which were addressed by lord Vishnu while praying to Shiva for Sudarshan Chakra (an astra/ disc shaped weapon).

The whole story goes as follows:

Once, a fierce war raged between the Gods and the demons. The gods received a sound thrashing and fled. While they were running away, they encountered Vishnu.
“Why are you running away?” asked Vishnu. “What on earth has happened?”
“The demons have defeated us,” replied the gods. “They have acquired all sorts of divine weapons, largely thanks to the boons that you have granted them. These weapons have made them close to invincible. You are our only hope now. Do you remember the wonderful weapon that was known as the sudarshana chakra? It was created by Shiva to kill Jalandhara. That is what is required now. Nothing esle will work.”
“I will help you,” promised Vishnu. “But we must first obtain the weapon, and to get it, we have to pray to Shiva”.
Vishnu and the other gods started to pray to Shiva. They called upon Shiva by his thousand names.

For convenience, to read we are arranging  those names in group of ten names each.

(1) Bhava, Shiva, Hara, Rudra, Purusha, Padmalochana, Arthitavya, Sadachara, Sarva, Shambhu.
(2) Maheshvara, Ishvara, Sthanu, Ishana, Sahasraksha, Sahasrapada, Variyana, Varada, Vandya, Shankara.
(3) Parameshvara, Gangadhara, Shuladhara, Pararthaikaprayojana, Sarvajna, Saradevadi, Giridhanva, Jatadhara, Chandrapida, Chandramouli
(4) Vidvana, Vishvamareshvara, Vedantasarasarvasva, Kapali, Nilalohita, Jnanadhara, Aparichedya, Gouribharta, Ganeshvara, Ashtamurti.
(5) Vishvamurti, Trivarga, Svargasadhana, Jnanagamya, Dridaprajna, Devadeva, Trilochana, Vamadeva, Mahadeva, Pandu.
(6) Paridrida, Vishvarupa, Virupaksha, Vagisha, Shuchi, Antara, Sarvapranayasvadi, Vrishanka, Vrishavahana, Isha.
(7) Pinaki, Khattangi, Chitravesha, Chirantana, Tomohara, Mahayogi. Brhamangahrita, Jati Kalakala, Krittivasa.
(8) Subhaga, Pranavatmaka, Unmattavesha, Chakshushya, Durvasa, Smarashasana, Dridayudha, Parameshthiparayana, Anadimadhyanidhana, Girisha.
(9) Girivandhava, Kuberavandhu, Shrikantha, Lokavarnottamottama, Samanya, Deva, Kodandi, Nilakantha, Parashvadhi, Vishalaksha.
(10) Mrigavyadha. Suresha, Suryatapana, Dharmakarmakshama, Ksehtra, Bhagavana, Bhaganetravida, Urgra, Pashupati, Tarkshya.
(11) Priyabhakta, Priyasvada, Dantodayakara, Daksha, Karpadi, Kamashasana, Shmashananilaya, Suksha, Shmashanastha, Maheshvara.
(12) Lokakarta, Bhutapati, Mahakarta, Mahoushadhi, Uttara, Gopati, Gopta, Jnanagamya, Puratana, Nita.
(13) Sunita, Shuddhatma, Soma, Somavrita, Sukhi, Somapa, Amritapa, Mahaniti, Mahamati, Ajatashatru.
(14) Aloka, Sambhavya, Havyavahana, Lokakara, Vedakara, Sutrakara, Sanatana, Maharshi, Kapilacharya, Vishvadipti.
(15) Trilochana, Pinakapani, Bhurdeva, Svastida, Sadasvastikrita, Tridhama, Soubhaga, Sarvasar-vajna, Sarvagochara, Brahmadhrika.
(16) Vishvasrika, Svarga, Karnikara, Priya, Kavi, Sahakhavishakha, Goshakha, Shiva, Naikya, Kratu.
(17) Gangaplavodaka, Bhava, Sakala, Supatisthira, Vijitatma, Vidheyatma, Bhutavahana, Sarathi, Sagana, Ganakarya.
(18) Sukirti, Chhinnasamshaya, Kamadeva, Kamapala, Bhasmodvulitavigraha, Bhasmapriya, Bhasmashayi, Kami, Kanta, Kritagama,
(19) Samayukta, Nivrittatma, Dharmayukta, Sadshiva, Chaturmukha, Chaturvahu, Duravasa, Durasada, Durgama, Durlabha.
(20) Durga, Sarga, Sarvayudhavisharda, Sutantu, Adhyatmayoganilaya, Tantuvarddhana, Shubhanga, Lokasagara, Amritashana, Bhasmashuddhikara.

(21) Meru, Ojasvi, Shuddhavigraha, Hiranyareta, Bharani, Marichi, Mahimalaya, Mahahrada, Mahagarbha, Siddharvrindaravandita.
(22) Vyaghracharmadhara, Vyali, Mahabhuta, Mahanidhi, Amritanga, Amritavapu, Panchayajna, Prabhanjana, Panchavimshatitattvajna, Parijataparavara.
(23) Sulabha, Suvrata, Shura, Vangmayanidhi, Nidhi, Varnashramaguru, Varni, Shatrujita, Shatrutapana, Ashrama, Kshapana.
(24) Kshama, Jnanavana, Achalachala, Pramanabhuta, Durjneya, Suparna, Vayuvahana, Dhanurddhara, Dhanurveda, Gunarashi.
(25) Gunakara, Anantadrishti, Ananda, Danda, Damayita, Dama, Abhivadya, Mahacharya, Vishvakarma, Visharada.
(26) Vitaraga, Vinitatma, Tapasvi, Bhutabhavan, Unmattavesha, Pracchanna, Jitakama, Ajitapriya, Kalyana, Prakriti.
(27) Kalpa, Sarvaloka, Prajapati, Tapasvitaraka, Dhimana, Pradhana, Prabhu, Avyayaya, Lokapa, Antarhitatma.
(28) Kalpadi, Kamalekshana, Vedashastrarthatattvajna, Nityama, Niyamashraya, Chandra, Surya, Shani, Ketu, Virama.
(29) Vidruchhavi , Bhaktigamya, Parabrahma, Mrigavanarpana, Anagha, Adrirajalya, Kanta, Paramatma, Jagadguru, Sarvakarmachala.
(30) Tvashta, Mangalya, Mangalarata, Mahatapa, Dirghatapa, Sthavishtha, Sthavira, Dhruva, Ahaha, Samvatsara.
(31) Vyapti, Pramana, Tapah, Samvatsarakra, Mantra, Pratyaya, Sarvadarshana, Aja, Sarveshvara, Snigddha.
(32) Sarvadi, Agnida, Vasu, Vasumana, Satya, Sarvapapahara, Hara, Amritashashvata, Shanta, Vanahasta.
(33) Pratapavana, Kamandaludhara, Dhanvi, Vedanga, Vedavit, Muni, Bhrajishnu, Bhojana, Bhokta, Lokaneta.
(34) Duradhara, Atindriya, Mahashaya, Sarvavasa, Chatushpatha, Kalayogi, Mahanada, Mahotsaha, Mahavala,, Mahabuddhi, Mahavirya.
(35) Bhutachari, Purandara, Nishachara, Pretachari, Mahashakti, Mahadyuti, Anirdeshyavapu, Shrimana, Sarvaharyamitagati, Vahushruta.
(36) Vahumaya, Niyatatma, Bhavodhava, Narataka, Ojastejodyutikara, Sarvakamaka, Nrityapriya, Nrityanritya, Prakashatmapratapa, Buddhaspashtakshara.
(37) Mantra, Sammana, Sarasamplava, Yugadikrita, Yugavarta, Gambhira, Vrishavahana, Ishta, Vishishta, Shishteshta.
(38) Sharabha, Sharabhadhanusha, Apangnidhi, Adhishtanavijaya, Jayakalavit, Pratishthita, Pramanajna, Hiranyakavacha, Hari, Virochana.
(39) Suragana, Vidyesha, Vibudhashraya, Valarupa, Balonmathi, Vivarta, Gahanagruru , Karana, Karta, Sarvavandhavimochana.
(40) Vidvattama, Vitabhaya, Vishvahbarta, Nishakara, Vyavasaya, Vyavasthana, Sthananda, Jagadadija, Dundubha, Lalita.
(41) Vishva, Bhavatmatmasthita, Vireshvara, Virabhadra, Viraha, Virabhrida, Virata, Virachudamani, Vetta,Tivrananda.

(42) Nadidhara, Ajnadhara, Trishuti, Shipivishita, Shivalaya, Valakhilya, Mahachapa, Tigmamashu, Nidhi, Avyaya.
(43) Abhirama, Susharanya, Subrahmanya, Sudhapati, Maghavana, Koushika, Gomana, Vishrama, Sarvashasana, Lalataksha.
(44) Vishvadeha, Sara, Samsarachakrabhita, Amoghadandi, Madhyastha, Hiranya, Brahmavarchasi, Paramartha, Paramaya, Shambara.
(45) Vyaghraka, Anala, Ruchi, Vararuchi, Vandya, Ahaspati, Aharpati, Ravivirocha, Skandha, Shasta.
(46) Vaivasvata, Ajana, Yukti, Unnatakirti, Shantaraga, Parajaya, Kailasapati, Kamari, Savita, Ravilochana.
(47) Vidvattama, Vitabhaya, Vishvaharta, Nitya, Anivarita, Niyatakalyana, Punyashravanadkirtana, Durashrava, Vishvasaha, Dhyeya.
(48) Duhsvapnanashana, Uttaraka, Dushkritiha, Durddharsha, Duhsaha, Abhaya, Anadi, Bhu, Bhulakshmi, Kiriti,
(49) Tridashadhipa, Vishvagopta, Vishvabharta, Sudhira, Ruchirangada, Janana, Janajanmadi, Pritimana, Nitimana, Naya.
(50) Vishishta, Kashyapa, Bhanu, Bhima, Bhimaparakrama, Pranava, Saptadhachara, Mahakaya, Mahamadhanu, Janmadhipa.
(51) Mahadeva, Sakaalagamaparaga, Tattvatativavivekatma, Vibhushnu, Bhutibhushana, Rishi, Brahmanavida, Jishnu, Janmamrityujaratiga, Yajna.
(52) Yajnapati, Yajva, Yajnanta, Amogha, Vikrama, Mahendra, Durbhara, Seni, Yajnanga, Yajnavahana.
(53) Panchabrahmasamutpatti, Vishvesha, Vimalodaya, Atmayoni, Anadyanta, Shadavimsha, Saptalodhaka, Gayatrivallabha, pramshu, Vishvavasa.
(54) Prabhakara,Shishu, Girirata, Samrata, Sushena, Surashatruha, Aristamathana, Mukunda, Vigatajvara, Svayamjoti.
(55) Anujyoti, Atmajayoti, Achanchala, Kapila, Kapilashmashru, Shastranetra, Trayitanu, Jnanaskandha, Mahajnani, Nirutapatti.
(56) Upaplava, Bhaga, Vivasvana, Aditya, Yogacharya, Brihaspati, Udarakirti, Udyogi, Sadyogi, Sadasanmaya.
(57) Nakshatramali, Narakesha, Sadhishtana, Shadashraya, Pavitrapani, Papari, Manipura, Manogati, Hritpundarikasina, Shukla.
(58) Shantavrishakapi, Vishnu, Grahapati, Krishna, Samartha, Arthanashana, Adharmashatru, Akshashya, Puruhuta, Purushtuta.
(59) Brahmagarbha, Vrihadagarbha, Dharmadhenu, Dhanagama, Jagatahitaishi, Supata, Kumara, Kushalagama, Hiranyavarna, Jyotishmana.
(60) Nanbhutadhara, Dhvani, Aroga, Niyamadhyaksha, Vishvamitra, Dvijottama, Vrihajyoti, Sudhama, Mahajyoti, Anuttama.
(61) Matamaha, Matarishva, Nabhasvana, Nagaharadhrika, Pulastya, Pulaha, Agastya, Jatukarna, Parashara, Niravarana.
(62) Dharmajna, Virincha, Vishtarashrava, Atmabhu, Aniruddha, Atrijnanamurti, Mahayasha, Lokachudamni, Vira, Chandasatya.
(63) Parakrama, Vyalakalpa, Mahavriksha, Kanadhara, Alankarishnu, Achala, Rochishnu, Vikramottama, Vegi, Ashushabdapati.
(64) Plavana, Shikhisarathi, Asamsrishta, Atithi, Shatrupramthi, Papanashana, Vasushrava, Kavyavaha, Pratapta, Vishvabhojana.
(65) Jarya, Jaradhishamana, Lohita, Tananapata, Prishadashva, Nabhahyoni, Supratika, Tamisraha, Shiva atapana, MegphapaksShiva

(66) Parapuranjaya, Mukhanila, Sunispanna, Surabhi, Shishiratmaka, Vasanta, Madhava, Grishma, Nabhasya, Vijavahana.
(67) Angira, Muni, Atreya, Vimala, Vishvavahana, Pavana, Purujita, Shatru, Trividya, Naravahana.
(68) Manovriddhi, Ahamkara, Kshetrajna, Kshetrapalaka, Tejonidhi, Jnananidhi, Vipaka, Vighnakaraka, Adhara, Anuttara.
(69) Jneya, Jyestha, Nihshreyasalaya, Shaila, Naga, Tanu, Deha, Danavari, Arindama, Charudhi.
(70) Janaka, Charuvishalya, Lokashalyakrita, Chaturveda, Chaturbhava, Chatura, Chaturapriya, Amnaya, Samamaya, Tirthadevashivalaya.
(71) Vahurupa, Maharupa, Sarvarupa, Charachara, Nyayanirvahaka, Nyaya, Nyayagamya, Niranjana, Sahasramurddha, Devendra.
(72) Sarvashastraprabhanjana, Munda, Virupa, Vikrita, Dandi, Gunottama, Pingalaksha, Haryaksha, Nilagriva, Niramaya.
(73) Sahasravahu, Sarvesha, Sharanya, Sarvalokbhrita, Padmasana, Paramjyoti, Paravara, Paramfala, Padmagarbha, Vishvagarbha.
(74) Vichakshana, Paravarajna, Vijesha, Sumukhasumahasana, Devasuragurudeva, Devasurananmaskrita, Devasuramahatra, Devadideva, Devarshidevasuravaraprada, Devasureshvara.
(75) Divya, Devasuramaheshvara, Sarvadevamaya, Achintya, Devatatma, Atmasambhava, Idya, Anisha, Devasimha, Divakara.
(76) Vibudhagravarashreshta, Sarvadevottamottama, Shivajnanarata, Shrimana, Shikhishriparvatapriya, Jayastambha, Vishishtambha, Narasimhanipatana, Brahmachari, Lokachari.
(77) Dharmachari, Dhanadhipa, Nandi, Nandishvara, Nagna, Nagnavratadhara, Shuchi, Lingadhyaksha, Suradhyaksha, Yugadhyaksha.
(78) Yugavaha, Svavasha, Savamsha, Svargasvara, Svaramayasvana, Vijadhyaksha, Vijakarta, Dhanakrita, Dharmavardhana, Dambha.
(79) Adambha, Mahadambha, Sarvabhutamaheshvara, Shmashananilaya, Tishya, Setu, Apratimakriti, Lokottara, Sfutaloka, Tryamabaka.
(80) Andhakari, Makhadveshi, Vishnukandharapatana, Vitadosha, Akshayaguna, Dakshari, Pushadantahrita, Dhurjati, Khandaparashu, Safala.
(81) Nishfala, Anagha, Adhara, Sakaladhara, Mrida, Pandurabha, Nata, Purna, Purayita, Punya.
(82) Sukumara, Sulochana, Samageya, Priyakara, Punyakirti, Anamaya, Manojava, Tirthavara, Jatila, Jiviteshvara.
(83) Jivitantakara, Nitya, Vasureta, Vasukiya, Sadgati, Satkriti, Sakta, Kalakantha, Kaladhara, Mani.
(84) Manya, Mahakala, Sadbhuti, Satyaparayana, Chandrasanjivana, Shasta, Lokaguda, Amaradhipa, Lokavandhu, Lokanatha.
(85) Kritajnakritibhushana, Anapayakshara, Kanta, Sarvashastrabhutasvara, Tejomayadyutidhara, Lokamaya, Agrani, Anu, Shuchismita, Prasannatma.
(86) Durjaya, Duratikrama, Jyotirmaya, Nirakara, Jagannatha, Jaleshvara, Tumbavini, Mahakaya, Vishoka, Shokanashana.
(87) Trilokatma, Trilokesha, Shuddha, Shuddhi, Rathakshaja, Avyaktalakshana, Avyakta, Vishampati, Varashila, Varatula.
(88) Mana, Manadhanamaya, Brahma, Vishnu, Prajapalaka, Hamsa, Hamsagati, Yama, Vedha, Dhata.
(89) Vidhata, Atta, Harta, Chaturmukha, Kailashashikharavasi, Sarvavasi, Satamgati, Hiranyagarbha, Harnia, Purusha.
(90) Purvajapita, Bhutalaya, Bhutapati, Bhutida, Bhuvaneshvara, Samyogi, Yogavida, Brahmanya, Brahmanapriya, Devapriya.
(91) Devanatha, Devajna, Devachintaka, Vishamaksha, Kaladhyaksha, Vrishanka, Vrishavardhana, Nirmada, Nirahamkara.
(92) Nirmoha, Nirupadrava, Darpaha, Darpita, Dripta, Sarvartuparivartaka, Saptajihva, Sahasrachi, Snigddha, Prakritidakshina.
(93) Bhutabhavyabhavanatha, Prabhava, Bhrantinashana, Artha, Anartha, Mahakosha, Parakavyaikapandita, Nishkantaka, Kritananda, Nirvyaja.
(94) Vyajamardana, Sattvavana, Sattvika, Satyakirti, Stambhakritagama, Akampita, Gunagrahi, Suprita, Sumukha, Naikatmanaikakarmakrita.
(95) Sukshma, Shukara, Dakshina, Skandhadhara, Dhurya, Prakata, Pritivarddhana, Aparajita, Sarvasaha, Vidagddha.
(96) Sarvavahana, Adhrita, Svadhrita, Sadhya, Purtamurti, Yashodhara, Varahashringavrika, Vayu, Valavana, Ekanayaka.
(97) Shrutiprakasha, Shrutimana, Ekavandhu, Anekadhrika, Shrivallabha, Shivarambha, Shantabhadra, Samanjasa, Bhushaya, Bhutikrita,
(98) Bhuti, Bhushana, Bhutavahana, Akaya, Bhaktakayastha, Kalajnanai, Kalavapu, Satyavrata, Mahatyagi, Nishthashantiparayana.
(99) Pararthavritti, Varada, Vivittana, Shrutisagara, Anirvinna, Kalankanka, Kalankaha, Svabhavarudra.
(100) Madhyastha, Shatrughna, Madhyanashaka, Shikhandi, Kavachi, Shuli, Chandi, Mundi, Kundali, Khadgi.

Lord Vishnu and the other gods prayed to Lord Shiva by calling upon him by these thousand names and offering him lotus flowers. Shiva wished to test Vishnu. So he quietly removed a lotus from the ones that had been offered.
Vishnu realised the deception. He plucked out one of his own eye **(in Sanskrit eye is known as PADMA and lotus is also known as PADMA)** and rendered it to Shiva as an offering in place of the flower. This pleased Shiva and he appeared. Such was his radiance that the gods, other than Vishnu, could not bear to look at him.
Shiva presented Vishnu with the divine sudarshana chakra. He also restored Vishnu’s eye.

Bowing to the pioneers of Vedic astrology - Maharishi Vashishti

Vedic planets or the navgrahas consists of following celestial objects

Sun (Surya)
Moon (Chandra)
Mercury (Budh)
Venus (shukra)
Mars (Mangal)
Jupiter (Brihaspati)
Saturn (Shani)
Rahu (shadow planet)
Ketu (shadow planet).

These planets can be further characterised as follows:

1. Sun || Surya || Ravi

Nature, Element, Cast : Satwik, Fiery, Kshatriya

Friends : Moon, Mars, Jupiter.
Enemies : Saturn, Venus.
Neutral : Mercury
Lord of : Leo
Exaltation : Aries
Debilitation : Libra
Kalas/kiranas : 30/20
Sex : Male.
Direction : East.
colours : Orange, saffron, light red.
stone : Ruby, garnet.
Numerology : 1,10,19
Deity : Shiva, Rudra, Lord Narayana, Fire, Sachidananda.

Beej mantra:
Om hraam hreem hraum se suryaya namah. (7000 times in 30 days)

Vedic mantra:
ऊँ आस्त्येन रजसा वर्तमानो निवेशयन्नमृतं मृत्र्य च।
हिरण्येन सविता रथेनादेवी यति भुवना विपश्यत्।।

Articles of donation:
Wheat, copper, ruby, gur, red cloth or flowers, sandal wood, khandsari, saffron (at Sun rise on Sunday)

Appearance:
Honey coloured eyes, weak eyesight, short hair, square in shape, hyper-irritability, well proportioned body.

Humour & parts of the body:
Bile, wind, bones, knees, navel.

Ailments :
Weak eyesight, heart disease, poisoning, bone fracture, mental, headache, migraine, fever, burns, cuts, wounds, gonorrhoea,
skin disease, leprosy, jaundice, bilious constitution, stomach, derangement, less of appetite, diarrhoea.

Represents :
Soul, atma, ego, doctoring, vitality, dhatus, capacity, strength.

Prominent qualities :
Political, aristocratic, royal, planet, quadruped, a source of life, a natural atamkaraka, Barren, heat and energy.

Karaka :
of royalty, name, fame, power, health, father, paternal uncle, politician, doctor, physician, authority, medicine, blood circulation, eyes,
wool, forests, wood, deserts, timber, soul, government, service (6th house), profession (10th house) places of worship, courage, hon’ble rank,
brokerage or commission, patrimony.

Professions & occupations :
Forest officer, creator, economic occupation, royal/govt. appointment, ruler, administrator, promoter, jeweller, owner, designer, dealer in wool,
ruling class, magistrate, surveyor, signaller, commission agent.

2. Moon || Chandra || Soma

Nature , Element, Cast : Satwik, Watery, Vaisya

Friends : Sun, Mercury.
Enemies : None
Neutral : Saturn, Venus, Mars, Jupiter.
Lord of : Cancer
Mooltrikona : Taurus 3° - 30°
Exaltation : Taurus 3°
Debilitation : Scorpio 3°
Kalas/kiranas : 16/8
Sex : Female.
Direction : North west.

colours : Silvery hue, white.

stone : Pearl, moon stone.

Numerology : 2, 11, 20

Deity : Durga, Parvati.

Beej mantra :
Om shraam shreem shraum se chanderaye namah. (11000 times)

Vedic mantra :
दघिशंखतुशाराभं क्षीरोदोर्णवसभवम् नवमि्। 
भाशिनं भवत्या भामभोर्मुकुटभुशणम्।।

Articles of donation :
Milk, curd, rice, pearl, misri, silver, white flowers, cloth or sandal (On Monday evening).

Appearance :
Pleasing eyes, oversexed, rheumatic, phlegmatic constitution, witty, unsteady mentally, circular shape.

Humour & parts of the body :
Left eye of male & right eye of female, uterus, breasts, cheeks, ovaries, blood, wind, phlegm, bladder, calves, flesh, stomach etc.

Ailments :
T.B., throat troubles, anemia, diabetes, menstrual disorders, nervous, lethargy, swelling, diseases of uterus, cough, dropsy, bronchitis, kidneys, blood impurity, fear from horned animal, fear from water, colic, skin disease, consumption, itches, indigestion, catarrh, dysentery, heart, lung, asthma, fever, jaundice appendicitis, diarrhoea.

Represents:
Heart, mana, mind, moola.

Prominent qualities:
It gives strength to bear child, wavering, a planet of fecundation connected with water and natural forces, a crawling insect.

Karaka :
of watery places, mother, heart, mind, sea food, pearls, blood, fluids in the body, petroleum products, scent, left eye, gardening, travel,
emotions, salt, sea medicine, hernia, personality, liquids, foreign travels, rich dishes, changes.

Professions & occupations :
Journalism, tourism, traveller, water works, excise, women welfare, advertising, refreshment bars, sailors, salt hawker, mechanical engineer,
agriculture, hospitals, nursing homes, cattle, shipping, navy, fish, petroleum, coral, milk, liquor, pearls, nursery, chemicals, glasses.

3. Mercury || Budh

Nature, Element, Cast: Rajsik, earthy, shudra)

Friends: Sun, Venus.
Enemies: Moon
Neutral: Saturn, Mars, Jupiter.
Lord of: Gemini, Virgo.
Mooltrikona : Virgo 15° - 20°
Exaltation : Virgo 15°
Debilitation : Pices 15°
Kalas/kiranas : 8/10
Sex : Male eunuch.
Direction : North
Lucky colours : Brown, green, pastel shades.
Lucky stone : Emerald, onyx. (5cts. in quick silver on 2nd or 4th finger
Lucky nos.:: 5, 14, 23.
Deity : Vishnu, Lord Narayan.

Beej mantra :
Om braam breem braum se budhaye namah. (19000 times in 21 days)

Vedic mantra :
प्रियंगुकलिकाश्यामं रूपेणाप्रतिमं बुधम्।
सौम्यम् सौम्यगुणोपेतं तं बुधं प्रणामाम्यहम्।।

Articles of donation :
Sugar, moong, turpentine oil, green cloth, flower, ivory, camphor ( on Wednesday within 2 hours before sunset)

Appearance :
Polite talk, bilious, well built large body, taste for wit and humour, rheumatic.

Humour & parts of the body :
Skin, thighs, phlegm, wind, bile, anus, nervous system.

Ailments :
Mental diseases, typhoid, fevers, disorders of brain and vocal organs, piles, cervical, itches, liver, nervous break-down, vertigo,
stomach, diseases of eyes-neck and nose, white leprosy, fractures, stammering, indigestion, excessive sweating, poisoning,
boils, intestinal problems, impotency.

Represents :
Speech, Intellect, reasoning, mixture of the dhatus moola & jeeva

Prominent qualities :
Bandhu karaka, vidya karaka, janana karaka.

Karaka :
of friends, maternal uncle and aunts, adopted sons, nephews, elder co-born, intelligence, teaching, education, Vedas, Puranas, business,
trade, mathematics, accountancy, scientific learning, black- magic, clerks, pearl, laughter, smell, flowers, speech, printer, publisher,
oysters, squint eye, eloquence, adeptness.

Professions & occupations :
Accountants, chartered accountants, business, gem- examiner, advertiser, libraries, newspapers, publisher, stationery, bookshops,
copyists, authors, writers, educationalists, teachers, astrologers, auditors, post- men, journalism, physicians, mathematicians,
P&T department, counsellors, arbitrators, crafts, law, merchandise, transport, travellers, drivers, clerks.

4. Venus || Shukra

Nature, Element, Cast : Rajsik, airy, brahmin)

Friends : Mercury, Saturn.
Enemies : Sun, Moon.
Neutral : Mars, Jupiter.
Lord of : Taurus, Libra.
Mooltrikona : Libra 0°-15°
Exaltation : Pisces 27°
Debilitation : Virgo 27°
Kalas/kiranas : 12/14
Sex : Female
Direction : South- east.
Lucky colours : Pink shades, cream
Lucky stone : Diamond, white zircon/coral.
Lucky nos.: : 6, 15, 24.
Deity : Lakshmi, Indrani, Shachi.

Beej mantra :

Om dhraam dhreem dhraum se shukraye namah. (6000 times)

Vedic mantra :
हिमकुन्द मृणालाभं दैत्यानां परमं गुरुम्।
सर्व भास्त्र प्रवक्तारं भर्गव प्रणामाम्यहम्।।

Articles of donation :
Sugar, ghee, curd, camphor, rice, silver, white flowers, cloth or cow (On Friday at sun-rise).

Appearance :
Curly hair, handsome body, pleasing appearance and eyes, short stature, youthful looks, poor eater, poetic, rheumatic, phlegmatic.

Humour & parts of the body :
Genital organs, phlegm, wind, eyes, urine, semen.

Ailments :
Cataract, dropsy, excruciating pain in body, diseases of face, eyes and private parts, excessive sex urge or emission, venereal diseases, stone in bladder or kidney, fits, urinary diseases, swelling, genital troubles, diabetes, parotitis/parotiditis euphoria, white leprosy, small pox, in females- menstrual 

disorders and the like.

Represents :
Sensual pleasure, erotic impulses, jeeva.

Prominent qualities :
Poetic planet, of materialism, planet of pleasure of flesh and denotes splendour, vitality, radiance, seminal fluid, sports and games, art and culture.

Karaka :
Marriage, wife, wife’s parents, maternal grand-parents, sexual desires, kama, beauty, perfumes, fragrance, flowers, music, dance, songs, drama, youth, artistic talents, luxury articles, ornaments, good cloths, treasure troves, silver, gems, pearls, conveyances, pleasures of sense, passions, sour, black hair, watery places, water sports, wine, juicy objects, eroticism, mangalyakaraka, libido, lust, semen, comforts.

Professions & occupations :
Poets, painting, artists, musicians, dramatists, cinema line, garments, dress makers, jewellers, weavers, perfumes, vehicle dealers, excise, dairy, navy, building engineers, transport dealing with fair sex, income tax, wealth tax and revenue etc. If there is connection with Saturn of the nodes, beauty parlour.

5. Mars || Mangal || Kuja

Nature, Element, Cast : Tamasik, Fiery, Kshatriya)

Friends : Moon, Sun, Jupiter.
Enemies : Mercury
Neutral : Saturn, Venus.
Lord of : Aries, Scorpio.
Mooltrikona : Aries 0°-12°
Exaltation : Capricorn 28°
Debilitation : Cancer 28°
Kalas/kiranas : 6/10
Sex : Male
Direction : South
Lucky colours : Deep red.
Lucky stone : Red coral, garnet.
Lucky nos.: : 9, 8, 27।
Deity : Ganpati, Shanmukha Kartikeya, Hanuman,Subramanya.

Beej mantra :
Om kraam kreem kraum se bhomaye namah. (10000 times in 20 days)

Vedic mantra :
ऊँ आस्त्येन रजसा वर्तमानो निवेशयन्नमृतं मृत्र्य च।
हिरण्येन सविता रथेनादेवी यति भुवना विपश्यत्।।

Articles of donation :
Red cloth, flower, sandal wood, wheat, masoor dal, ghee, copper (on Tuesday, within 48 minutes before sunset)

Appearance :
Medium built and height, fickle minded, lean, bilious, irascible, cruel.

Humour & parts of the body :
Bile hands, eyes, rectum, blood.

Ailments :
Blood pressure, boils, bloods, burns, cut, wounds, piles, urinary complaints, bone fractures, soar eyes, jaundice, tumours, oozing, itches, epilepsy, sores.

Represents :
Stamina, dhatus.

Prominent qualities :
Dictatorship, barren, a marital planet, planet of action and expansion, autocratic.

Karaka :
of step mother, younger brother, immovable property, lands, passions, anger, violence, hatred, stamina, muscles, bravery, force, lewdness,
defence, enemies, blood, accidents, sudden death, murders, sins, vindictiveness, science, mathematics, surgery, diseases, fires of ambition, logic.

Professions & occupations :
Property dealer, dentist, medical, chemist, surgery, engineering, cooking, barber, sports, athletes, hunting, involving instruments,
police, military, geology, circus, metal trade, thieving, jail, weapons, baker, fire man, lands, furnace, armament, dairy jobs.

6. Jupiter || Brihaspati || Guru

Nature, Element, Cast : Satwik, fiery, benefic)

Friends : Sun, Mars, Moon.
Enemies : Mercury, Venus.
Neutral : Saturn
Lord of : Sagittarius, Pisces.
Mooltrikona : Sagittarius 0°-10°
Exaltation : Cancer 5°
Debilitation : Capricorn 5°
Kalas/kiranas : 10/12
Sex : Male
Direction : North- east.
Lucky colours : Light blue, yellow shades lemon.
Lucky stone : Yellow sapphire, Golden topaz (4 to 6 cts. in gold)
Lucky nos.: : 3, 12, 21.
Deity : Lord Narayan, Shiva, Indra, Brahma.

Beej mantra :
Om graam greem graum se gurve namah. (19000 times)

Vedic mantra :
देवानां च ऋशीणां च गुरु कान्चन सन्निभम्।
बुधिभूतं त्रिलोकेश तं गुरुं प्रणामाम्यहम्।।

Articles of donation :
Turmeric, gram dal, topaz, gold, ruby, salt, jaggery or yellow cloth, flowers or laddoos. ( on Thursday evening).

Appearance :
Fair complexion, stout body, obese, phlegmatic.

Humour & parts of the body :
Thighs, phlegm, tongue, lungs, ears, knees, kidneys, liver, fat, brain, spleen.

Ailments :
Stomach troubles, gaseous troubles, cerebral problems, diabetes, dyspepsia, hernia, swooning, cataract, enlargement of organs, diseases of ears, spleen, lungs or navel, flatulence, adrenals, abscesses, piles, mental upsets, anemic, gall- bladder, jaundice, dropsy, fevers, carbuncle, giddiness, body pains, vertigo.

Represents :
Knowledge, wisdom, happiness and plentiful, jeeva.

Prominent qualities :
A spiritual, philosophical Planet of expansion and dignity, gives spirituality and wisdom. An idealistic planet, biped.

Karaka :
Guru, paternal grand-parents, husband, sons, religion, religious acts, faith, scriptures, sacrifice, devotion, good qualities, wealth,
intelligence, education, knowledge, royal honours, logic, astrology, control over senses, good virtues, janana, prosperity.

Professions & occupations :
Philosopher, professors, judge, law, lawyers, law-courts, scholars, venerable &respectable position, banks, treasuries,
income tax, revenue, editors, teachers, auditors, advertisements, financiers, councillors, priests, saints and sages,
charitable institutions, temples, share market, ministers.

7. Saturn || Shani || Shanaishchar

Nature and Element and Caste : Tamsik, airy, outcaste

Friends : Mercury, Venus.
Enemies : Sun, Moon, Mars.
Neutral : Jupiter
Lord of : Capricorn, Acquarius.
Mooltrikona : Acquarius 1°-20°
Exaltation : Libra 20°
Debilitation : Aries 20°
Kalas/kiranas : 1/16.
Sex : Female, eunuch
Direction : West
Lucky colours : Gray, navy blue, blackish.
Lucky stone : Blue sapphire, amethyst. (in steel or panchadhatu of 5 to 7 cts. in middle finger).
Lucky nos.: : 8, 17, 26.
Deity : Brahma, shiva (Mahamrityunjaya Japa).

Beej mantra :
Om praam preem praum se shanaye namah. (23000 times)

Vedic mantra :
नीलांजन समाभासं रवि पुत्र यमाग्रजम्।
छाया मार्तण्ड सम्भूतं तं नमामि शनैश्चरम्।।

Articles of donation :
Iron, black cow or horse, black nail, cloth, flowers, mash dal, musk. (at noon on Saturday)

Appearance :
Tall lean body, yellowish and sunken eyes, large and big teeth, large and coarse nails, lazy, rheumatic, stiff knotty hairs.

Humour & parts of the body :
Wind, bile, head, neck, teeth, bones.

Ailments :
Mental aberrations, rheumatism, cancer, tumours, stomach, gastric complaints, acidity, teeth problems, paralysis, deafness,
loss of limbs, pains, hysteria, cuts, glandular disease, chronicity/chronic, bruises.

Represents :
Moksha karaka, delays obstructions, sorrows, democracy, miseries.

Prominent qualities :
Stingy planet, planet of logic, philosophy, impotency, renunciation, cold icy planet, destructive forces, secretive, barren.

Karaka :
Younger co-born, patience, death, old age, sins, laziness, yama, miseries, poverty, sacrifice, service, servant, slavery, servility,
workers, hard labour, science, secrecy, imprisonment, law, debts, dearth, wants, touch, untouchables, timber, legs,
delays, obstacles, fall from heights, penury, ailments, ashes, poison, wood, wool, sadness, pilgrimage, land, longevity,
 enmity with govt.,
black grains, travel abroad for residence, agriculture, fear, oil, minerals, calamities, dishonour, arms, deformity,
robbery, renunciation.

Professions & occupations :
All kinds of responsible jobs, jobs connected with punishment, gambling dens, drivers, coolies, builders, servants,
serving class,
hard-working jobs, menial & physical work, bricks, glass and tiles factory, foot wears, oil digging, government service,
iron& steel work,
carpentry, matters related with deep meditation & extensive study, wood or stone work, house building, cheats,
 beggars, hangmen,
ascetic, brothels, black art and magic, umbrella, masons, agricultural implements, surveying, miners, contractors.

8. Rahu || Ascending Lunar node || Bhayanak

Dragon’s head, caput, ascending node

Nature and Caste : Tamsik, Asura

Friends : --
Enemies : --
Neutral : --
Lord of : --
Mooltrikona : --
Exaltation : --
Debilitation : --
Kalas/kiranas : --
Sex : Male
Direction : South-west.
Lucky colours : Gray, navy blue, blackish.
Lucky stone : Gomed or onyx. (sulemani). Male- in panchdhatu ring, right hand, 2nd/3rd finger. Female- in platinium ring, left hand, 2nd/3rd finger
Lucky nos.: : -
Deity : Mahashakti, Nagaraja.

Beej mantra :
Om bhraam bhreem bhraum se rahuve namah. (18000 times in 40 days)

Vedic mantra :
अर्थकायं महावीर्य चंद्रादित्य चिमर्दनम्।
सिंहिकाग र्भसंभूतं राहूं प्रणामाम्यहम्।।

Articles of donation :
Mooli, sarson, til, satanaja(mixed seven grains), saffron, lead, coal, blanket. (on Thursday evening or Monday morning).

Appearance :
Tall stature, black complexion, fierce looking, rheumatic, irascible.

Humour & parts of the body :
Feet and breathing.

Ailments :
Skin diseases, artificial poisons, diseases of spleen & adrenal, diseases of feet, boils, ulcer, burning sensation in body,
diseases difficult to be diagnosed, debility, insanity, intestinal diseases, leprosy.

Represents :
The lord of the sign where it is posited, materialism, planet of transcendentalism, oldish look and bald.

Prominent qualities :
Foreign travels, eccentricity, vairagyakaraka, jananakaraka.

Karaka :
Paternal grand-father, maternal grand-mother, given to bad habits, widow, immoral woman connections, pleasure with diseased women,
wicked woman, widowhood, falsehood, dignity, inventor, research, expenditure, short temper, suicide, gamblers, liquor, low caste, other caste,
fallacious argument, vexatious speech, darkness, drowning, sinking with ships, leprosy, enemies, accidents, heretic, hurting words,
poison, epidemics, reptiles, stones, hunters, pain and swelling, spot on skin, skin diseases, life in foreign land, dearth & want, exiles,
quarrels, harsh speech, wrestler, venomous, cunningness, backbiter, spy, mean minded, hypocrite, southwest, slavery, adulterer, buttocks,
travelling, amputation, strength.

Professions & occupations :
Computers, lawyer, medicine, research, aeronautics, profession of erratic and cruel nature, gambling, speculating, thieving, snake catchers,
mortuary, sewerage, electricity, aviation, airlines, telephones, scholars, slaughter houses, sorcery, poisonous drugs, butcher acts,
foul smelling dirty places, base job, corpses, magic, hides and skins, bone mills, wrestlers.

As per Satyacharya Rahu rules over professions attributed to Saturn.

9. Ketu || Descending node

Dragon’s tail, cauda, descending node)

Caste :  Asura

Friends : --
Enemies : --
Neutral : --
Lord of : --
Mooltrikona : --
Exaltation : --
Debilitation : --
Kalas/kiranas : --
Sex : Hermaphrodite.
Direction : North-west.
Lucky colours : --
Lucky stone : Cat’s eye, lapuz lazulli.
Lucky nos.: : --
Deity : --

Beej mantra :
Om sraam sreem sraum se ketuve namah. (17000 times in 40 days)

Vedic mantra :
केतु कृणवन्न केतवे पेशो मर्या अपेशसे।
समुशभि्उर जायथा:।।

Articles of donation :
Gold, sugar, til, musk, lead, saffron, blanket (black & white), satanja(mixed seven grains), part of food to black-white dog (on Sunday morning).

Appearance :
Tall stature, easily excitable.

Humour & parts of the body :
Belly

Ailments :
Skin diseases, sensation in body, suicidal tendencies, undiagnosed diseases, stomach pain, body pain, fever, cataract, enlargement of spleen,
feet burning, boils, diseases from unknown causes, itches, eruptive fever, leprosy, cuts, wounds, hydrocele, artificial poisons, lung trouble.

Represents :
Spirituality, the lord of the sign where it is posited.

Prominent qualities :
Marital and spiritual planet, moksha karaka, a mysterious, deceptive, secretive and intriguing planet.

Karaka :
Maternal grand-father, paternal grand-mother, dreams, moksha, eyes, salvation, governments fines, intrigues, injury, fire accidents,
murder, punishment, imprisonment, poison, evil spirit, perpetrator, adulterer, medical practitioner, final emancipation, sudden death,
 assassination, malicious, bitchy and poisonous speech, life in foreign land, lunacy, fastidious, leprosy, kidnapping, arrest, wounds, worms,
 diseases caused by worms, occultism, detachment, philosophy, long stature, spots on body, smoky colour, chain-smoker, astrology, religion,
miser, suicide, bankruptcy, bites, intercourse.

Professions & occupations :
Religious preacher, philosophy, occult science, medical practitioner, refuse bin, dealer in medicine, plotters, skeletons, bones, mortuary,
 slaughter houses, sewerage work, poisonous drugs, butcher acts, foul smelling and dirty places, corpses, hides and skins, bone mills.

As per Satyacharya Ketu rules over professions attributed to mars.

To be continued...